MIT researchers, in collaboration with McMaster University, have developed a new antibiotic called enterololin, which targets specific gut bacteria linked to Crohn’s disease without harming beneficial microbes. This approach addresses a major issue with traditional broad-spectrum antibiotics, which can worsen symptoms by killing helpful bacteria.
Using a generative AI model named DiffDock, the team quickly mapped how enterololin interacts with bacterial proteins, reducing a process that typically takes years to just months. The AI predicted that the antibiotic binds to the LolCDE protein complex, essential for transporting lipoproteins in certain bacteria. Experiments confirmed this mechanism, demonstrating the AI’s ability to facilitate drug discovery by providing mechanistic insights.
Enterololin shows promise in mouse models, helping to maintain a healthier microbiome compared to conventional antibiotics like vancomycin. Currently, the compound is in early development stages, with potential clinical trials in the works. The researchers hope this targeted approach will improve treatment options for inflammatory bowel diseases and combat antimicrobial resistance more effectively.
Source: https://news.mit.edu/2025/ai-maps-how-new-antibiotic-targets-gut-bacteria-1003
